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财神彩票2023-01-31 16:05

中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

  中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。

  2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

  日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

  日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

  事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。

  因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。

  日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

  《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

  德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

  日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

  国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。

  太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。

  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

  By John Lee

  (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

  Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

  The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

  On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

  The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

  In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

  Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

  The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

  The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

  The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

  According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

  As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

  However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

  Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

  The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

  If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.

 

财神彩票

能写论文能聊天的机器人是“天使”还是“魔鬼”******

  ■ 专栏

  ChatGPT只是将人从简单的脑力劳动中解放出来,让人能够更多地投入到复杂的脑力劳动中。

  当地时间2月1日,美国人工智能研究公司OpenAI,推出ChatGPT付费订阅版ChatGPT Plus,每月收费20美元。自2022年11月30日发布模型至今,聊天机器人ChatGPT正式踏上了商业变现之路。

  这也意味着,ChatGPT迅速成为了新的风口。微软已经打算把旗下产品全面接入ChatGPT;美版头条BuzzFeed因让ChatGPT上岗写文章,两天内股价上涨3倍;老牌搜索引擎公司谷歌已经在担心自己会被ChatGPT取代;国内也有搜索巨头发布预告,称其即将发布中国版ChatGPT,国内资本市场AI(人工智能)概念股应声而涨。

  可以说,ChatGPT的正式商用,将把AI带进一个全新世界。

  ChatGPT被普遍认为是个新风口

  人机对话,一直是从业者孜孜不倦研究的课题。

  之前,我们也接触过比如Siri(语音助手),比如各种智能音箱,但最多只能问问天气,问问一些能搜索到的知识。关键是,你还必须按照标准方式去问,它才能理解,才能给出回答,而且很多回答要么是答非所问,要么就是标准话术。

  ChatGPT不一样,只需要你用自然的语言和它对话,它就能理解,不需要标准格式。和它对话,就像和人对话一样,这才是真正的人机对话。

  此外,ChatGPT还有一个智慧的大脑,贮备了丰富的知识,能够给对方一些比较精准的建议,或者提供多个建议供你选择。它还能通过对方的反馈,借助于多轮对话,逐步提高回答的精准度。这已经就和人非常相似了。

  而且,ChatGPT还能够将答案以一种人容易理解的语言组织起来,生成人容易理解的答案。总而言之,它是和人高度相似的说话机器,在知识量方面又远超个人,无人能及。因此,AlphaGo之后,ChatGPT被普遍认为是一个新风口。

  把人从简单脑力劳动中解放出来

  正因为ChatGPT如此强大,也让人们有些担忧。

  如果程序员都借助于ChatGPT写程序,一些初级的程序员就可能失去工作;如果设计部门、策划部门大规模使用ChatGPT,一些初级的设计师、策划人员也可能被取代。甚至那些我们认为不可取代的门诊医生,如果ChatGPT学习能力越来越强,又有什么理由说不可取代?

  因此,我们需要思考的是,ChatGPT带来的变革是巨大的,人类是否对此做好了充分的准备?

  当然,ChatGPT也不是魔鬼。一种新的技术的到来,必定会淘汰一些技术和技能,但同时就会有新的需求出现。只是,在时代的大潮中,人类只能去适应,而不是抗拒,去拥抱变化,而不是墨守成规。

  比如,历史上,蒸汽机、电力、电子计算机的出现,无不是为了解放人类,将人类从繁重的体力劳动中解放出来,更多地投入到脑力劳动中去。ChatGPT也只是将人从简单的脑力劳动中解放出来,让人能够更多地投入到复杂的脑力劳动中。

  国内公司也已经开始发力新赛道

  ChatGPT火爆全球,国内的巨头们自然也不会错过这个机会,且已有公司率先发力成为ChatGPT类应用的玩家,并计划在今年3月份推出类似ChatGPT的应用。

  对于这种必须直接面对的竞争威胁,国内公司也可以说是早就做好了相关准备。比如,去年火爆一时的AI绘画,就是一个AI艺术和创意辅助平台,也是依托技术创新推出的AI绘画产品。

  完全可以预见,以国内公司在此方面的积累,加入ChatGPT类应用竞赛的中国玩家,也将带动国内相关各方在这一全新赛道上奔跑起来。

  自从有了语言,猿人就变成了智人。而自从成为了智人,人类的发展突飞猛进。在人类漫长的历史长河中,语言扮演着无比重要的角色。

  而今,机器解决了语言问题,能够听懂人话了、开始说人话了,其是否也会带来一场暴风骤雨般的革命?ChatGPT给我们带来了无尽的想象空间。

  □刘兴亮(DCCI互联网研究院院长)

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